A longitudinal simulation-based ethical-legal curriculum for otolaryngology residents.

OBJECTIVE To develop, implement, and evaluate a longitudinal, simulation-based ethics and legal curriculum designed specifically for otolaryngology residents. METHODS Otolaryngology residents were recruited to participate in a yearly half-day ethical-legal module, the curriculum of which spanned 4 years. Each module included: three simulated scenarios, small-group multisource feedback, and large-group debriefings. Scenarios involved encounters with standardized patients. Residents' ethical-legal knowledge was assessed pre- and postmodule with multiple-choice questions, and ethical reasoning was assessed by a variety of evaluators during the simulated scenario using a locally developed assessment tool. Participants completed an exit survey at the end of each module. RESULTS Eighteen residents completed four modules from the academic years of 2008 to 2009 to 2011 to 2012. The first year was considered a pilot module, and data were collected for the following 3 years. Knowledge of legal issues improved significantly among residents (mean at pre = 3.40 and post = 4.60, P < 0.05). Residents' ethical reasoning skills also improved across years (mean 3.60/5 in 2009-2010, 3.76/5 in 2010-2011, and 4.33 in 2011-2012, P < 0.05). Survey results revealed a statistically significant self-perceived improvement in ethics reasoning skills (mean pre = 3.62, post = 4.86, P < 0.05). Participants reported that the curriculum was relevant to their practice (85%), that the debriefings were of high quality (83%), and that they would recommend this module to others (88%). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring a longitudinal simulation-based ethical-legal curriculum tailored to otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents. This educational program resulted in a both objective and subjective improvement in legal and ethics knowledge and skills. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 127:2501-2509, 2017.